RESUMO
Las enfermedades de la médula espinal tienen con frecuencia consecuencias devastadoras y su estudio radiológico es indispensable para su diagnóstico. La técnica de imagen fundamental para su valoración es la resonancia magnética espinal y el enfoque diagnóstico debe basarse en el contexto clínico, el tiempo de evolución y los hallazgos radiológicos, por lo que es necesario en algunos casos la ampliación del estudio a la región cerebral. El primer paso en el algoritmo diagnóstico debe ser excluir la compresión medular antes de valorar otras causas de mielopatía, entre las que se incluyen múltiples etiologías. Este artículo incluye una amplia revisión de las diferentes patologías que pueden producir mielopatías, sus manifestaciones radiológicas, diagnósticos diferenciales y algoritmos diagnósticos. Un adecuado enfoque por parte del radiólogo repercutirá en un mejor manejo y pronóstico de estos pacientes
Diseases of the spinal cord often have devastating consequences and imaging studies are indispensable for their diagnosis. The fundamental imaging technique to evaluate these diseases is magnetic resonance imaging of the spine. The diagnostic approach must be based on the clinical context, the time elapsed since the onset of symptoms and signs, and the imaging findings; for this reason, it sometimes necessary to broaden the study to include the brain. The first step in the diagnostic algorithm is to rule out spinal cord compression before evaluating other causes of myelopathy, which sometimes has multiple causes. This paper includes a broad review of the different diseases that can cause myelopathy, their imaging manifestations, their differential diagnoses, and diagnostic algorithms. Using an appropriate radiological approach will result in better management and prognosis of these patients
Assuntos
Humanos , Doenças da Medula Espinal/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças da Medula Espinal/classificação , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Algoritmos , PrognósticoRESUMO
Diseases of the spinal cord often have devastating consequences and imaging studies are indispensable for their diagnosis. The fundamental imaging technique to evaluate these diseases is magnetic resonance imaging of the spine. The diagnostic approach must be based on the clinical context, the time elapsed since the onset of symptoms and signs, and the imaging findings; for this reason, it sometimes necessary to broaden the study to include the brain. The first step in the diagnostic algorithm is to rule out spinal cord compression before evaluating other causes of myelopathy, which sometimes has multiple causes. This paper includes a broad review of the different diseases that can cause myelopathy, their imaging manifestations, their differential diagnoses, and diagnostic algorithms. Using an appropriate radiological approach will result in better management and prognosis of these patients.
Assuntos
Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Mielite Transversa , Compressão da Medula Espinal , Doenças da Medula Óssea , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Mielite Transversa/diagnóstico por imagem , Prognóstico , Compressão da Medula Espinal/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças da Medula EspinalAssuntos
Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Central/etiologia , Doenças do Nervo Óptico/etiologia , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom/diagnóstico , Idoso , Encéfalo/patologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Central/diagnóstico , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Doenças do Nervo Óptico/diagnóstico , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenstrom/complicaçõesRESUMO
Demyelinating diseases may cause neurological catastrophes in several ways. Rapidly progressing disease or severe acute bouts may seriously threaten the patient's life. Diagnostic procedures, errors in identifying the clinical picture and even treatments themselves may result in a catastrophe. This article reviews the most frequent catastrophic scenarios.
Assuntos
Doença Aguda , Doenças Desmielinizantes/complicações , Doenças Desmielinizantes/fisiopatologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/etiologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/fisiopatologia , Doenças Desmielinizantes/patologia , Doenças Desmielinizantes/terapia , Progressão da Doença , HumanosRESUMO
Las enfermedades desmielinizantes pueden ser origen de catástrofes neurológicas por diversas razones. Las formas rápidamente progresivas o los episodios agudos graves pueden constituir serias amenazas para el paciente. Por otro lado, los propios procesos diagnósticos, los errores de identificación e incluso los tratamientos pueden llevar a la catástrofe en sí mismos. En este artículo se revisan las formas catastróficas más frecuentes (AU)
Demyelinating diseases may cause neurological catastrophes in several ways. Rapidly progressing disease or severe acute bouts may seriously threaten the patients life. Diagnostic procedures, errors in identifying the clinical picture and even treatments themselves may result in a catastrophe. This article reviews the most frequent catastrophic scenarios (AU)
